ע 1��Paul Bowles and Gordon White, ��Contradictions in China��s Financial Reforms: The Relationship Between Banks and Enterprises,�� Cambridge journal of Economics 13, no. 4 (December 1989): 485

ע 2��ibid., 487

ע 3��Oktay Yenal, ��Chinese Reforms, Inflation and the Allocation of Investment in a Socialist Economy,�� World Development 18, no.5(May 1990)��709

ע 4��Bowles and White, ��Contradictions in China��s Financial Reforms,��488

ע 5��W.K.Lau, ��The 15^th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party��Milestone in China��s Privatization,�� Capital & Class, no. 68(Summer 1999)��54

ע 6��Ibid.,78.

ע 7��Cheng Yuk-shing, ��Fleeing from the Asian Financial Crisis: China��s Economic Policy in 1997-2000, ��China Report 38, no.2(2002)��265

ע 8��Ibid.,265

ע 9��Bowles and White, ��Contradictions in China��s Financial Reforms,��488

ע 10��Ibid., 485, 488.

ע 11��John P.Bonin and Yiping Huang, ��Dealing with the Bad Loans of The Chinese Banks, ��Journal of Asian Economics 12, no. 2(Summer 2001): 198.

ע 12��Ibid., 199-200.

ע 13��Keirh Bradsher, ��Another Asian Nation Battling a Crisis In Its Banking System.�� New York Times. October 26, 2002, David Lague. ��A Government Move to Clean Up Loans Backfies,�� Far Eastern Economic Review, November 14, 2002.

ע 14��Christopher Lingle, ��China��s Economic Data Still Erratic.�� Taipei Timer. March 10,2002

ע 15��Andong Zhu, ��Growth, Equity and State Enterprises: International and Chinese Perspectives,�� paper presented at the Rethinking Marxism Conference, ��Marxism and the World Stage,�� Amherst, Massachusetts, November 6-8, 2003, 35

ע 16��IHLO(International Hong Kong Liaison Office), ��Official Jobless Rate in China,�� Monthly News Bulletin, November 18, 2002, hcrp��//www.ihlo.org/item/itemlu.htm.

ע 17��Ching Kwan Lee, ��From Organized Dependence to Disorganized Despotism: Changing Labor Regimes in Chinese Factories,�� China Quarterly, no. 157 (March 1999): 55-56.

ע 18��Raymond Lau, ��Economic Determination in the last Instance: China��s Political-Economic Development Under the Impact of the Asian Financial Crisis,�� Historical Materialism, no. 8 (Summer 2001)��233.

ע 19��Eva Cheng, ��China: Is Capitalist Restoration Inevitable?,��Links, no. 11(January-April 1999), 62-63.

ע 20��Rene Ofreneo, ��Changing Labor Markets in a Globalizing Asia: Challenges for Trade Unions,�� Asian Labor Update, no. 45 (October-December 2002); Richard Smith, ��Creative Destruction: Capitalist Development and China��s Environment,�� New Left Review, no. 222 (March-April 1997): 6

ע 21��R.Smith, ��Creative Destruction,�� 6.

ע 22��China Admits Grim Unemployment Situation,�� Times of India, April 29,2002

ע 23��Gene H. Chang, ��The Cause and Cure of China��s Widening Income Disparity,�� China Economic Review 13,no. 4(2002) : 337.

ע 24��Liu Yufan. ��A Preliminary Report on China��s Capitalist Restoration.�� Links, no. 21 (May-August 2002)��55.

ע 25��Keith Bradsher, ��China��s Car Culture Hits Some Potholes.�� New York Times, January 11,2004; Craig S. Smith,�� For China��s Wealthy, All But Fruited Plain,�� New York Times, May 15.2002;Elisabeth Rosenthal,�� North of Beijing, California Dreams Come True,�� New York Times, February 3,2003.

ע 26��Craig S. Smith, ��China: Heroes of Capitalism,�� New York Times, May 2,2002.

ע 27��Malcolm Warner. ��In the Red: China��s State-owned Enterprises at the Crossroads,�� Asia Pacific Business Review 5, no.2 (Winter 1998)��224; Vanessa Lau, ��Forgotten Generation,�� Dollars and Sense (March-April 2000):12

ע 28��V.Lau, ��Forgotten Generation.�� 12.

ע 29��Margaret Maurer-Fazio and James Hughes, ��The Effects of Market Liberalization on the Relative Earnings of Chinese Women,�� Journal of Comparative Economics 30, no. 4(December 2002).

ע 30��Joseph Kahn, ��Ruse in Toyland: Chinese Workers�� Hidden Woe.�� New York Times, December 7,2003; Smith, ��Creative Destruction,�� 7-9; Philip P. Pan, ��Poisoned Bach into Poverty,�� Washington Post, August 4.2002

ע 31��Elisabeth Rosenthal, ��Harsh Chinese Reality Feeds a Black Market in Women,�� New York Times, June 25,2001; Erik Eckholm, ��Desire for Sons Drives Use of Prenatal Scan in China,�� New York Times, June 21,2002.

ע 32��Tim Pringle, ��The Path of Globalization: Implications for Chinese Workers.�� Asia Labor Update, no.41(October-December 2001).

ע 33��Joseph Kahn, ��Making Trinkets in China, and a Deadly Dust, ��New York Times, June 18, 2003.

ע 34��Joseph Kahn, ��China��s Workers Risk Limbs in Export Drive,�� New York Times, April 7,2003.

ע 35��Lau, ��Economic Determination in the Last Instance,�� 234.

ע 36��Smith, ��Creative Destruction.�� 10-11.

ע 37��Pan, ��Poisoned Back into Poverty.��

ע 38��Elisabeth Rosenthal, ��Without ��Barefoot Doctors,�� China��s Rural Families Suffer,�� New York Times. March 14,2001,Al.

ע 39��Cheng. ��China: Is Capitalist Restoration Inevitable?,��61.

ע 40��Ibid 61

ע 41��Elisabeth Rosenthal, ��Blinded by Poverty: The Dark Side of Capitalism,�� New York Times, November 21, 2000.

ע 42��Ibid.

ע 43��V.Lau, ��Forgotten Generation,�� 13-14; Pan. ��Poisoned Back into Poverty.��

ע 44��David Murphy, ��The SARS Outbreak: A Shot in the Arm,�� Far Eastern Economic Review, June 5,2003.

ע 45��Jiang Xueqin, ��Consuming Problem,�� Far Eastern Economic Review, December 21,2000; Elisabeth Rosenthal, ��Deadly Shadow Darkens Remote Chinese Village,�� New York Times, May 28,2001.

ע 46��Isabel Hilton, ��Economic Liberalization Destroyed China��s Health Service-Now It Must Rely on Police, Not Doctors, to Fight Sars,�� Guardian, May 22,2003.

ע 47��V.Lau, ��Forgotten Generation,�� 39.

ע 48��Ben Dolven and Trish Saywell. ��Private Lessons,��Far Eastern Economic Review, January 8,2004.

ע 49��Elisabeth Rosenthal, ��School a Rare Luxury for Rural Chinese Girls,�� New York Times, November 1,1999

ע 50��Ibid.

ע 51��Ibid.

ע 52��Lee, ��From Organized Dependence to Disorganized Despotism,��54.

ע 53����A Dragon Out of Puff,�� The Economist, June 13.2002.

ע 54��Kathy Wilhelm, ��The Great Divide,�� Far Eastern Economic Review, November 30,2000.

ע 55��Cheng Yuk-shing, ��Fleeing from the Asian Financial Crisis,�� 267

ע 56��Bertell Oilman, ��The Question Is Not ��When Will Capitalism Die?�� but ��When Didlt Die, and What Should Our Reaction Be?��,�� Nature, Society, and Thought 12, no.4 (October 1999), 474-475.

ע 57��Ibid.,475.

ע 58��Yufan, ��A Preliminary Report on China��s Capitalist Restoration,�� 55.

ע 59��Cheng Yuk-shing, ��Fleeing from the Asian Financial Crisis,�� 269.

ע 60��Ibid., 271.

ע 61��Ibid.

ע 62��Bonin and Huang, ��Dealing with the Bad Loans of the Chinese Banks, 201.

ע 63��Cheng Yuk-shine, ��Fleeing from the Asian Financial Crisis�� 272.

ע 64��Ben Dolven, ��The Danger of Blowing Bubbles,�� Far Eastern Economic Review, September 25,2003.33.

ע 65��Ibid.

ע 66��Wall Street Journal, ��China Warns Exporters to Shape Up,�� March 18, 1999; Kathy Wilhelm,�� China, Starting to Sizzle,�� Far Eastern economic Review August 24,2000.

ע 67��Stephen Roach, ��China��s Economy-It��s the Real Thing,�� South China Morning Post, February 26,2003.

ע�� 68��Eva Cheng, ��China: Sino-U.S. Trade Deal Will Cement Capitalist Restoration,�� Green Left Weekly, no. 406. May 24,2000.

ע 69��Yufan, ��A Preliminary Report on China��s Capitalist Restoration,�� 56.

ע 70��Ibid., 57.

ע 71��Ibid.

ע 72��Ofreneo, Changing Labor Markets in a Globalizing Asia.��

ע 73��Elizabeth Tang, ��China and the WTO: A Trade Union View of Social Impacts & Workers Responses �� Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions, May 2002, http://www.ihlo.org/item3/item3h.htm.

ע 74��UNCTAD, Trade and Development Report 2002: Developing Countries in World Trade (New York: United Nations, 2002). 143.

ע 75��Ibid., 149.

ע 76��Yufan, ��A Preliminary Report on China��s Capitalist Restoration,�� 58.

ע 77��Jackie Sheehan, Chinese Workers, A New History (New York: Routledge Press,1998), 187.

ע 78��Ibid., 187-88.

ע 79��Trini Leung, ��The Third Wave of the Chinese Labor Movement in the Post-Mao Era,�� China Labor Bulletin, June 2,2002.

ע 80��Trini Leung Wing-yue, Smashing the Iron Rice Pot: Workers and Unions in China��s Market Socialism (Hong Kong: Asia Monitor Resource Center, 1988); Anita Chan, ��Labor��s Long March: China��s Workers Rebel Against the New World Order,�� In These Times, February 6, 1995.

ע 81��R. Smith,��Creative Destruction,�� 9.

ע 82��Eric Eckholm, ��Chinese Democracy Campaigners Push for Free Labor Unions.�� New York Times, December 24, 1997.

ע 83��Associated Press, ��China��s New Threat: Army of Unemployment Creating Wave of Protests Across Nation,�� Tribune-Star, Terre Haute. December 26, 1997.

ע 84��Henry Chu, ��Chinese Rulers Fear Angry Workers May Finally Unite,�� Los Angeles Times, June 4, 1999.

ע 85��Tim Pringle, ��Industrial Unrest in China-Labor Movement in the Making?,�� China Labor Bulletin, January 31,2002.

ע 86��Ibid.

ע 87��Leung, ��The Third Wave.��

ע 88��Tang, ��China and the WTO.��

ע 89��Leung, ��The Third Wave.��

ע 90��Ibid.

ע 91��Chu, ��Chinese Rulers Fear Angry Workers May Finally Unite.��

ע 92��Craig S. Smith, ��China��s Farmers Rebel Against Bureaucracy.�� New York Times, September 17,2000,1.

ע 93��Ibid.

ע 94����Troubled Sleep in Sichuan,�� The Economist, July 26. 1997,35.

ע 95��Ibid.

ע 96��Associated Press, ��China��s New Threat.��

ע 97��Leung, ��The Third Wave.��

ע 98��Sophie Beach, ��Tiananmen Plus Ten,�� The Nation. June M, 1999, 7.

ע 99��Erik Eckholm. ��China: Crowd Control.�� New York Times, November 25. 1999.

ע 100��Chu, ��Chinese Rulers Fear Angry Workers May Finally Unite.��

ע 101��Erik Eckholm, ��Chinese Officials Order Cities To Bolster Riot Police Forces.�� New York Times, January 30, 2001.

ע 102��Dong Xulin �������أ�0, ��Looming Social Crises: China at a Cross Road,�� paper presented at the Socialist Scholars Conference. New York, March 16, 2003.