Marx & Engels Collected Works: Volume 05

Volume 5

April 1845-April 1847


Preface xiii
Theses on Feuerbach (Marx) [Original version] 3
Theses on Feuerbach (Marx) [Edited by Engels] 6
Feuerbach (Engels) 11
A Reply to Bruno Bauer's Anti-Critique (Marx & Engels) 15
The German Ideology. Critique of Modern German Philosophy According to Its Representatives Feuerbach, B. Bauer and Stirner, and of German Socialism According to Its Various Prophets (Marx & Engels) 19
Volume I. Critique of Modern German Philosophy According to Its Representatives Feuerbach, B. Bauer and Stirner 21
Preface 23
I. Feuerbach. Opposition of the Materialist and Idealist Outlooks 27

[§ I]

27

[1.] Ideology in General, German Ideology in Particular

28

[2. Premises of the Materialist Conception of History]

31

[3. Production and Intercourse. Division of Labour and Forms of Property-Tribal, Ancient, Feudal]

32

[4. The Essence of the Materialist Conception of History. Social Being and Social Consciousness]

35

[§ II]

38

[1. Preconditions of the Real Liberation of Man]

38

[2. Feuerbach's Contemplative and Inconsistent Materialism]

38

[3. Primary Historical Relations, or the Basic Aspects of Social Activity: Production of the Means of Subsistence, Production of New Needs. Reproduction of Men (the Family), Social Intercourse, Consciousness].

41

[4. Social Division of Labour and Its Consequence: Private Property, the State, "Estrangement" of Social Activity]

46

[5. Development of the Productive Forces as a Material Premise of Communism]

48

[6. Conclusions from the Materialist Conception of History: History as a Continuous Process, History as Becoming World History, the Necessity of Communist Revolution]

50

[7. Summary of the Materialist Conception of History]

53

[8. The Inconsistency of the Idealist Conception of History in General and of German post-Hegelian Philosophy in Particular]

55

[9. Idealist Conception of History and Feuerbach's Quasi Communism]

57

[§ III]

59

[1. The Ruling Class and the Ruling Ideas. How the Hegelian Conception of the Domination of the Spirit in History Arose]

59

[§ IV]

63

[1. Instruments of Production and Forms of Property, Contradictions of Big Industry]

63

[2. The Division of Material and Mental Labour. Separation of Town and Country. The Guild-System]

64

[3. Further Division of Labour. Separation of Commerce and Industry. Division of Labour between the Various Towns. Manufacture]

66

[4. Most Extensive Division of Labour. Large-Scale Industry]

72

[5. The Contradiction between the Productive Forces and the Form of Intercourse as the Basis of Social Revolution]

74

[6. Competition of Individuals and the Formation of Classes. Contradiction between Individuals and Their Conditions of Life. The Illusory Community of Individuals in Bourgeois Society and the Real Union of Individuals under Communism. Subordination of the Social Conditions of Life to the Power of the United Individuals]

75

[7. Contradiction between Individuals and Their Conditions of Life as Contradiction between the Productive Forces and the Form of Intercourse. Development of the Productive Forces and the Changing Forms of Intercourse]

81

[8. The Role of Violence (Conquest) in History]

84

[9. Contradiction between the Productive Forces and the Form of Intercourse under the Conditions of Large-Scale Industry and Free Competition. Contradiction between Labour and Capital]

85

[10. The Necessity, Preconditions and Consequences of the Abolition of Private Property, Civil Society]

87

[11. The Relation of State and Law to Property]

89

[12. Forms of Social Consciousness]

92
The Leipzig Council 94
II. Saint Bruno 97

1. "Campaign" against Feuerbach

97

2. Saint Bruno's Views on the Struggle between Feuerbach and Stirner

105

3. Saint Bruno versus the Authors of Die Heilige Familie

107

4. Obituary for "M. Hess"

114
III. Saint Max 117
1. The Unique and His Property 119

The Old Testament: Man

121

  1. The Book of Genesis, i. e., A Man's Life

121

  2. The Economy of the Old Testament

130

  3. The Ancients

136

  4. The Moderns

144

A. The Spirit (Pure History of Spirits)

148

B. The Possessed (Impure History of Spirits)

152

a) The Apparition

157

b) Whimsy

160

C. The Impurely Impure History of Spirits

163

a) Negroes and Mongols

163

b) Catholicism and Protestantism

170

D. Hierarchy

172

  5. "Stirner" Delighted in His Construction

185

  6. The Free Ones

193

A. Political Liberalism

193

B. Communism

205

C. Humane Liberalism

232

The New Testament: "Ego"

240

    1. The Economy of the New Testament

240

    2. The Phenomenology of the Egoist in Agreement with Himself

242

    Individual interests & Class interests

245

    3. The Revelation of John the Divine

272

    4. Peculiarity

301

    5. The Owner:

315

  A. My Power

315

a. Right

315

1. Canonisation in General

315

2. Appropriation by Simple Antithesis

319

3. Appropriation by Compound Antithesis

321

b. Law

327

c. Crime

336

1. Simple Canonisation of Crime and Punishment

337

    a. Crime

337

    b. Punishment

339

2. Appropriation of Crime and Punishment Through Antithesis

340

3. Crime in the Ordinary and Extraordinary Sense

343

  [B. My Intercourse]

346

[1. Society]

346

    5. Society as Bourgeois Society

348

2. Rebellion

377

3. Union

389

1. Landed Property

389

2. Organisation of Labour

391

3. Money

395

4. State

399

5. Rebellion

402

6. Religion and Philosophy of the Union

403

    A. Property

403

    B. Wealth

407

    C. Morality, Intercourse, Theory of exploitation

408

    D. Religion

414

    E. Supplement to the Union

415

    C. My Self-Enjoyment

417

6. Solomon's Song of Songs or the Unique

427
  Conclusion to “The Unique” 429
2. Apologetical Commentary 444
Close of the Leipzig Council 451
Volume II. Critique of German Socialism According to Its Various Prophets 453
True Socialism 455
I. Die Rheinischen Jahrbucher or the Philosophy of True Socialism 458

A. "Communismus, Socialismus, Humanismus"

458

B. "Socialistische Bausteine"

470

      First Cornerstone

474

      Second Cornerstone

477

      Third Cornerstone

480
IV. Karl Grun: Die Soziale Bewegung in Frankreich und Belgien (Darmstadt, 1845) or the Historiography of True Socialism 484
Saint-Simonism 493

1. Lettres d'un habitant de Geneve a ses Contemporains

498

2. Catechisme politique des Industriels

500

3. Nouveau christianisme

505

4. The School of Saint-Simon

504
Fourierism 510
The "Limitations of Papa Cabet" and Herr Grun 519
Proudhon 529
V. "Doctor Georg Kuhlmann of Holstein" or the Prophecies of True Socialism 531
The True Socialists (Engels) 540

 

Notes & Indexes

Notes 585
Name Index. 609
Index of Quoted and Mentioned Literature 627
Index of Periodicals 641
Subject Index 645

 

Illustrations

Facsimile of Thesis 11 on Feuerbach. From Marx's notebook 9
First page of the Preface to The German Ideology in Marx's handwriting 25
A page of the manuscript of The German Ideology. From the chapter "Feuerbach" (Discovered in the 1960s) 34
A page of the manuscript of The German Ideology. From the chapter "Feuerbach" 35
A page of the manuscript of The German Ideology. From the chapter "Saint Max" 226
Max Stirner. Drawing by Engels 267
First page of Chapter IV (Volume II) of The German Ideology as published in the Westphalische Dampfboot No. 8, 1847 487